[ vitro comparison of solubility of resin modified glass ionomer and a base containing hydroxyapatite in water, acid and artificial saliva]

Solubility is one of the shortcomings of dental materials that causes decreased physical and mechanical properties and longevity of the restoration. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the solubility of the resin modified glass ionomer cement and a base containing hydroxyapatite. This experimental study was carried out according to ISO4049:2000[E] and ISO 9917-1:2007[E]. Ten samples of each of the two materials including resin modified glass ionomer and a base containing hydroxyapatite were evaluated for solubility in distilled water and artificial saliva. Evaluation of acid solubility was performed in lactic acid with pH=2.7 +/- 0.02 for 24 hrs. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA test. The mean values of solubility in distilled water for RMGIC and base containing hydroxyapatite were 0.6 [ +/- 0.3] and -1.6 [ +/- 1.4], respectively. The means of saliva solubility were 0.007 [ +/- 0.8] and 1.07 [ +/- 1.4], respectively for the mentioned materials. The mean value of acid solubility was 0.000474 [ +/- 0.000784] for RMGIC and 0.000334 [ +/- 0.000221] for Lime-lite. There was no significant difference between values of water sorption and solubility of the two materials [p>0.05]. The solubility of the two tested materials in distilled water, artificial saliva and acid was very little and there was no significant difference between them in this regard

Comparing the frequency of beta-lactamase enzyme existence in isolated nosocomial infection bacteria

beta-lactame antibiotics are very important in the cure of diseases, beta-lactamase as a virulence agent causes resistance to these antibiotics. Existence of beta-lactamase in the pathogen bacteria can cause delay in the treatment. The aim of this research was to compare the frequency of beta-lactamase enzyme existence in different types of isolated nosocomial infection bacteria in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran. This laboratory study was performed in Alzahra hospital of Isfahan in 2005-2006. According to sample size estimation, 100 infection samples [blood, urine, skin] were randomly selected. Identification of bacteria was performed using microbiological methods; such as: staining, chemical test, and use of differential and selective media. To determine beta-lactamase production in bacteria, acidimetric method was used. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. From the 100 isolated pathogen bacterias, 68.45% produced beta-lactamase; 83.33% produced Staphylococcus spp. 70.95% produced Enterobacteriaceae spp. and 18.8% produced Pseudomonas 18.8%. Based on the results, the frequency of beta-lactamase Enzyme existence in isolated bacteria of nosocomial infection was very high, which can be due to the increase of resistance of beta-lactam antibiotics in pathogen Bacteria

Frequency of symptoms of depression, general anxiety, obsessive - compulsive and phobia in interictal phase in patients with Epilepsy

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of symptoms of depressions, general anxiety, obsessive compulsive and phobia in interictal phase among patients suffering from epilepsy. This cross sectional observational study was performed on 137 outpatients referred to neurology clinic of Imam Hossein hospital in 2004. all patients were in the interictal phase. Demographic and epilepsy variables and a questionnaire including items asking about depression, general anxiety, obsessive compulsive and phobia of SCL-90-R [symptoms chick list-90-revised] was completed. Relative frequency of depression, general anxiety, obsessive compulsive, and phobia was 55.4%, 44.9% ,55.8% and 23.2%, respectively. Phobia symptoms were associated with lower educational level [p=0.029], unemployment [p=0.013] and older age [-p=0.013]. The symptoms of obsessive compulsive [p=0.041] and general anxiety [p=0.044] were associated with older age. Different psychiatric symptoms were not correlated with sex, amount of drug use, marital status and the duration of the disease or type of epilepsy. Our findings highlighted that depression and obsessive compulsive symptoms in the first grade and general anxiety and phobia in the second grade are among the causes of morbidity among epileptic patients. Psychiatric symptoms are suspected to be higher in older, unemployed, and less educated epileptic patients. A close cooperation between neurologists and psychiatrists is necessary in the approach to the patients with epilepsies

[Knowledge and beliefs of couples attending marriage counseling centers toward correct sexual relationships]

Inter-partner relationships as part of a somatic-affective interaction have important role in supporting of familial relations. In this regard, knowledge of couples about their specific role against their spouses and the ways of having correct sexual relationship is essential. This correct knowledge might help spouses to understand their husband/wife and would promote family's cultural status and would be transmitted to next generations. This study carried out to determine the knowledge level and beliefs of couples attending marriage counseling centers toward correct sexual relationships. This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 300 individuals [150 couples], attending marriage counseling centers in the north and east of Tehran recruited for the study using random selection method. Data were collected using a questionnaire including knowledge and beliefs assessment questions. Mean knowledge score for men and women were 12.3 +/- 2.5 and 10.1 +/- 1.8, respectively [P=0.23]. Knowledge level of participants with higher education [P=0.00]; and those aged 25-29 years [P=0.65] were higher than others. 11.3% of women and 13.1% of men did not have appropriate attitudes toward correct sexual relationships [P=0.35]. Although knowledge level of respondents was just above the half of the complete score, the overall beliefs toward sexual relationships were positive